50:209:101 Introduction to Digital Studies (Fall 2025)

illustration of a participant in a study about the effects of ChatGPT on brain activity

The goals of the course are to help students develop critical vocabularies for analyzing digital objects and processes, to build a collaborative space for reading, writing, and discussion, and to enact a kind of laboratory for experimenting with ideas. The class examines two contemporary issues surrounding digital media: the use of Large Language Models (sometimes called "generative AI") and the effects of digital media on attention. We will address how our everyday encounters with computational tools sometimes obscure important dimensions of those tools, how these systems create and exacerbate inequalities, and how we should think about the ways digital tools are shaping the ways we think, read, write, and build connections to one another.

No technological expertise is required, and students will be encouraged to experiment with a variety of ideas and technologies.

Image Credit: Illustration of participant in MIT Study about ChatGPT and brain activity (link)

Syllabus

Professor: Jim Brown
Meeting times: Tuesday and Thursday, 9:35am-10:55am
Meeting Place: Digital Commons, Room 102 (WWCAUD)

Prof. Brown's Office: Digital Commons, Room 104
Prof. Brown' Office Hours: Tuesday 11:00-12:00 or by appointment
Prof. Brown's Email: jim[dot]brown[at]rutgers[dot]edu

Course Website: http://courses.jamesjbrownjr.net/101_fall2025

Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this class, students will be able to:

  • demonstrate familiarity with theories of digital media and culture
  • apply a critical vocabulary for analyzing digital technologies
  • analyze, summarize, and compare arguments about digital media and culture
  • communicate challenging concepts to an audience

Required Texts

  • Students are not required to purchase any books for this class. Readings will be distributed as paper handouts.
  • You are required to have a 3-ring binder devoted to this class as well as loose leaf paper and something with which to write. Your binder will be available to you during unit tests. If you require a different way of taking notes for accessibility reasons, please see me during the first week of class.

Attendance
Attendance in this class is crucial, and it is worth 10% of your grade, which makes each day's attendance worth .357 points. That seems small, but those points add up. If you arrive more than 5 minutes late for class, you will receive half-credit for that day's attendance. If you arrive more than 10 minutes late, you will be marked absent. If there is something that regularly prevents you from arriving to class on time, please speak with me during the first week of class.

Course Work and Grades
This class is comprised of 100 points. The breakdown of those points is as follows:

  • 10: Attendance (28 class meetings, 0.357 points per meeting)
  • 40: Student-led Classroom Discussions (8 discussions, 5 points per discussion)
  • 8: Peer review of student-led discussions (peer review survey submitted at end of semester)
  • 12: Lab Reports: 12 points (4 lab reports, 3 points each)
  • 30: Unit Tests (2 tests, 15 points each)

Grades will be assigned on the following scale:

A 90-100
B+ 88-89
B 80-87
C+ 78-79
C 70-77
D 60-69
F 59 and below

Content Warnings
If we will be reading and discussing material that addresses sensitive topics, I will do my best to let you know in advance. If there are certain specific topics you would like me to provide warnings about, please let me know. I will do my best to flag content based on your requests.

Technology Policy
Unless otherwise stated, no one is ever permitted to use a phone during class (this includes the instructor). If you need access to your phone during class for an emergency reason, please let me know prior to class, but even in such cases the phone must be put away. During certain class sessions, we will not use computers at all. During other sessions, computers will be used for research and planning of our discussions. Please observe whatever rules are in place for that day's meeting.

Canvas and Course Website
This class will not make use of Canvas for many things. While I will use it to communicate with you, to share files, and to post grades, nearly all of our work will happen inside the classroom. The course website will have important information about assignments and policies. Pay close attention to the course schedule as we move through the semester. I reserve the right to move things around on our schedule as necessary, but I will always tell you well in advance if I am making changes.

Email
Please pay close attention to your email for course announcements. If you email me on a weekday, I will respond within 24 hours. If you email during the weekend, you will likely not receive a response before Monday morning.

AI Statement*
For certain assignments in this class, you will not be permitted to use AI technologies. In general, I would discourage you from using these tools at all. At the very least, I would encourage you to limit your use of them. When you do use AI in this class, you will be required to provide a detailed statement about why and how you used those tools.

We’ve all encountered poor AI outputs (often called AI Slop or "hallucinations"). Beyond AI's ineffectiveness for many tasks, it is important to recognize that AI use has significant social and environmental impacts. Avoiding unnecessary AI queries, generative AI (such as ChatGPT), and/or turning off AI-assist on search platforms (by typing “-ai” after a query) can help minimize environmental degradation, human exploitation, and improve your learning experiences.

Please consider the following before using AI:

  • Labor and learning impacts: AI depends upon biased, incomplete, and incorrect data and is unproven in teaching and learning scenarios. Accepting AI's poor outputs can negatively impact student learning and infringes on both student and instructor intellectual property rights. For your instructors, it worsens their working conditions and creates job and wage insecurity. More broadly, digital hardware supply chains often rely on extracting rare earth minerals through exploitative mining and forced labor.
  • Environmental impacts: AI depends on intense energy use, which increases greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. AI requires large quantities of water to cool hard drives to optimal data processing temperatures. As AI-invested companies are focused on continual expansion, upgrades of AI software generate immense amounts of e-waste. Unlike other forms of consumption, it is particularly difficult to recycle resources associated with AI use.

*Portions of this section of the syllabus are taken from a statement written by the Rutgers AAUP-AFT Climate Justice Committee.

University policies and resources

Academic Integrity
My assumption is that any work you turn in for this course has been completed by you. Per the AI policy stated above, any use of LLMs or other AI technology must be documented in detail, explaining why and how you used it. If you ever have questions about AI use or about proper attribution or citation, please don't hesitate to ask.

Code of Conduct
Rutgers University-Camden seeks a community that is free from violence, threats, and intimidation; that is respectful of the rights, opportunities, and welfare of students, faculty, staff, and guests of the University; and that does not threaten the physical or mental health or safety of members of the University community and includes classroom space. As a student at the University, you are expected adhere to Student Code of Conduct: https://camden.rutgers.edu/deanofstudents/community-standards

Office of Disability Services
The Office of Disability Services (ODS) provides students with confidential accommodation services in order to allow students with documented physical, mental, and learning disabilities to successfully complete their course of study at Rutgers University – Camden. The ODS provides accommodation services, which can include readers, interpreters, alternate text, special equipment, and note takers. The ODS also works with students, faculty, staff and administrators to enforce the American with Disabilities Act of 1990. https://ods.rutgers.edu/

Descriptions of Assignments

Student-led Discussion Planning

Students will design and lead discussions about our readings. We will have 8 readings, and each discussion is worth 5 points, for a total of 40 points. Students will be divided into teams, and grades are assigned to the entire team. At the end of the semester, students will provide a peer review of those on their team, and that peer review is worth 8 points. Thus, the total point value of all these activities is 48 points (meaning that these activities account for 48% of your grade).

Learning is not the accumulation of facts or the "banking" of knowledge. It is a social process that happens best in communities. People tend to learn best in face-to-face situations when they can talk to one another and collaborate. Recognizing these facts is particularly important given that Large Language Models (LLMs), centralized corporate social media platforms, and online courses are increasingly discouraging these kinds of interactions.

This course is not a place where a professor delivers knowledge to students. It is a place where a professor works alongside students to build conversations about our readings and to design activities that allow us to actively engage with ideas. There are times when the professor has to make decisions and guide the conversation, but there are also times where students in this class will do the guiding and even some of the teaching.

During a typical week, you will be assigned a reading. I will distribute paper copies, and students are required to keep copies of those readings in the binder they have for this class. All students are responsible for reading each assigned reading, annotating that reading, and taking detailed notes. Remember that unit tests are open note, and you will only be able to consult your binder during tests. So, the work you do to prepare each week will help you develop materials that will be useful on those tests.

During our Tuesday class, we will conduct a workshop, during which groups plan Thursday's class, and you may use computers (but not phones) to do that planning. During our Thursday class, we will conduct the discussion that we planned during Tuesday's workshop. The only computers permitted during the Thursday class are those used to deliver slide presentations.

Students will be divided into four teams at the beginning of the semester, and those teams will remain the same throughout the semester. For each reading, teams will be assigned a specific task, and you will work on that task during the Tuesday workshop. Groups will rotate amongst tasks each week.

Task Descriptions

There are four teams, each with distinct tasks for each reading. All teams should plan to develop materials that students can add to their binders.

Those tasks are as follows:

Summary and Analysis of the Reading Team
This team is tasked with summarizing and analyzing the reading. This means developing slides that will be delivered to the rest of the class at the beginning of our discussion and designing a handout for the class. This team will need to do additional research about the reading and to know the reading in as much detail as possible. They should aim to be as expert in the reading as possible.

This team may not use any AI/LLM tools at any stage of the process.

The Summary and Analysis team will want to answer questions such as (this list is not exhaustive):

  • Who wrote this piece, and what are their credentials?
  • What disciplines do/does the author/authors or work in?
  • Where was it published? What kind of publication is it?
  • When was it published?
  • What is the argument?
  • How is the argument constructed? What are its pieces, and how do those pieces fit together?
  • What kind of evidence is used to support the argument?
  • Who are the likely target audiences for the argument?
  • What is the significance of the argument?
  • What are some counter arguments or responses to the argument?
  • How does the argument fit with other things we have read or discussed in class?

Related Research Team
The pieces we read will cite other writing and will sometimes even directly link to other work. This team is responsible for following those links, citations, and footnotes and then providing some summaries of those sources. Like the Summary and Analysis team, they will deliver a slide presentation about their work and will develop a handout. This team will not be able to summarize every source cited or linked, so they will need to strategize which sources deserve the most attention.

The Related Research team will want to answer questions such as (this list is not exhaustive):

  • What kinds of research does the piece cite, and why?
  • What patterns do you see in those citations and/or links to other sources?
  • What are the reasons for citing or linking to these sources?
  • What are the most important articles, essays, videos, etc. referenced in the reading? Why are they important?

This team may use AI/LLM tools. However, if they choose to do so they will need to provide a written document that explains, in detail, which tools they used, why they chose to use them, and how they used them. That document must be no shorter than 350 words and in addition to this write-up must also provide detailed examples of how the tool was used (prompts and responses, any human edits made to the responses, etc.)

Discussion Facilitation and Activity Design Team
This team is tasked with facilitating a discussion of the reading and designing exercises for our in-class session. This means developing questions prior to our Thursday session to spark discussion, and it might also mean seeking out supplemental materials that could help keep that conversation going. This team must also be actively engaged during the Summary and Analysis and Related Research presentations, and it will likely require working with those teams during the Tuesday workshop. During the Thursday session, this group is in charge of ensuring that all students are involved in the discussion and activities, and they may design the session however they see fit. This could mean posing specific questions to individual students, creating break-out groups, or any number of other strategies.

This team's goal is to build an effective and useful way of engaging with the reading. The class session should be a learning experience for all involved. In other words, the goal here is not just to direct questions at the Summary and Analysis team but to use our precious classroom time (we only get 2.5 hours per week) as a learning space for all involved.

In addition to conducting a discussion about the text, this team will need to design some kind of activity for the group. This team will have access to two texts as they consider the kinds of activities they might want to design: The Pocket Instructor: Writing and The Pocket Instructor: Literature. Paper copies of these texts will be available during class.

This team may not use any AI/LLM tools at any stage of the process.

Writing Test Questions Team
Our unit exams will be comprised of short answer questions. These are questions that can be answered in 4-5 sentences, and they must go beyond reporting on the content of the reading. The team in charge of writing test questions will have to design questions that they think would be effective ways of getting students to demonstrate not only that they understand the reading but also that they are able to apply the concepts in the reading. Remember that tests in this course are open-note. This is why it is important that questions not mere asks students to explain the content of the reading. Our tests are not about memorizing content or explaining what we read. That kind of work happens in our notes. Test questions will have to ask students to explain the significance of concepts, to compare arguments and ideas to one another, and to apply concepts and ideas described in the reading.

This team must develop at least 5 short answer questions related to the reading, and teams can and should develop as many questions as possible. Those questions will be shared with the rest of the class, and they will be potential questions on the unit test.

This team may use AI/LLM tools. However, if they choose to do so they will need to provide a written document that explains, in detail, which tools they used, why they chose to use them, and how they used them. That document must be no shorter than 350 words and in addition to this write-up must also provide detailed examples of how the tool was used (prompts and responses, any human edits made to the responses, etc.)

Lab Reports

We will have four lab sessions during the semester, one during our "How not to automate everything" unit and three during our "How to pay attention" unit. Students will receive a handout with details of the lab session when they arrive in class, and lab reports will be handed in to Professor Brown before students leave class that day. Students must be present in class to complete the lab report.

Unit Tests

At the end of each of our two units, we will have a test during which students can consult their binder devoted to this class. Each exam is worth 15 points. Exams cover readings, labs, discussions, and anything else covered in class. Exams will be composed of student-written exam questions in addition to questions written by Professor Brown.

Extra Credit Opportunity

There is one extra credit opportunity in this class, and it is worth up to 5 points.

Students can read a book of their choosing and meet with Professor Brown for a one-hour discussion. That discussion will be about the book itself, but it will also be a discussion of your experience of reading the book in its entirety. When did you read? Where did you read? What was difficult, challenging, or rewarding about the experience? Given our discussions of attention in this class as well as media reports about the struggles of many college students to read entire books, the goal of this assignment is to provide you with space to read a book start to finish and to reflect on the book as well as on your own capacity for the deep attention often required for this kind of activity.

Students may choose the book they would like to read for this extra credit assignment, or Professor Brown can recommend a book based on the student's interests. The book has to be approved by Professor Brown by September 30. For this extra credit opportunity, the use of AI/LLM technology is not allowed

Course Bibliography

Burnett, D. Graham, and Eve Mitchell. “Attention Sanctuaries: Social Practice Guidelines and Emergent Strategies in Attention Activism.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1546, no. 1, Apr. 2025, pp. 5–10.

Citton, Yves. The Ecology of Attention. John Wiley & Sons, 2017.

Haidt, Jonathan. The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness. Penguin, 2024.

Hayes, Chris. The Sirens’ Call: How Attention Became the World’s Most Endangered Resource. Penguin, 2025.

Hicks, Michael Townsen, et al. “ChatGPT Is Bullshit.” Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 26, no. 2, June 2024, p. 38.

Hogan, Mél, and Théo LePage-Richer. “Extractive AI.” H. Tollefson & R. Bergmann (Eds.,) Climate Justice and Technology Essay, Series. Centre for Media, Technology, and Democracy, McGill University, 2024.

Kosmyna, Nataliya, et al. “Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt When Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task.” 10 June 2025.

Newport, Cal. Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World. Penguin, 2019.

Perret, Arthur. “A Student’s Guide to Not Writing with ChatGPT.” arthurperret.fr, 14 Nov. 2024, https://www.arthurperret.fr/blog/2024-11-14-student-guide-not-writing-wi....

Schedule

Details will be added to this schedule after teams are assigned during the first week of class.

Introductions

9/2

Syllabus review, Course Overview

Unit 1: How not to automate everything

9/4

Unit introduction by Professor Brown, group assignments

9/9

Workshop to prepare discussion of "A Student's Guide to Not Writing with ChatGPT," Perret

9/11

In-class discussion of reading

9/16

Workshop to prepare discussion of "Your Brain on ChatGPT," Kosmyna et. al.

9/18

In-class discussion of reading

9/23

Workshop to prepare discussion of "Extractive AI," Hogan and Lepage-Richer

9/25

In-class discussion of reading

9/30

Workshop to prepare discussion of "ChatGPT is Bullshit," Hicks et. al.

10/2

Discussion of reading

10/7

Lab Session #1: Designing a workshop about LLMs for your peers (report due at end of class)

10/9

Unit review, test preparation

10/14

Unit 1 test

Unit 2: How to pay attention

10/16

Unit introduction by Professor Brown

10/21

Workshop to prepare discussion of The Siren's Call (excerpt), Hayes

10/23

In-class discussion of reading

10/28

Workshop to prepare discussion of The Ecology of Attention (excerpt), Citton

10/30

In-class discussion of reading

11/4

Workshop to prepare discussion of The Anxious Generation (excerpt), Haidt

11/6

In-class discussion of reading

11/11

Workshop to prepare discussion of Digital Minimalism (excerpt), Newport

11/13

In-class discussion of reading

11/18

In-class discussion of "Attention Sanctuaries," Burnett and Mitchell

11/20

Lab Session #2: Attention and Place (report due at end of class)

11/25

Lab Session #3: Writing an Attention Practice (report due at end of class)

11/27 NO CLASS - THANKSGIVING

12/2

Lab Session #4: Digital Declutter - Define your Technology Rules (report due at end of class)

12/4

Unit review, test preparation

12/9

Unit test